In July, an international NGO that monitors human rights abuses and corruption, Global Witness, found 45 “bot-like accounts that collectively produced around 610,000 posts” in a two-month period this summer on X, “amplifying racist and sexualized abuse, conspiracy theories, and climate disinformation” ahead of the UK general election.
Those accounts “posted prolifically during the UK general election,” then moved “to rapidly respond to emerging new topics amplifying divisive content,” including the US presidential race.
The CCDH reported that even when misleading posts get fact-checked, the original posts on average are viewed 13 times more than the note is seen, suggesting the majority of damage is done in the time before the note is posted.
Of course, content moderators are often called out for moving too slowly to remove harmful content, a Bloomberg opinion piece praising Community Notes earlier this year noted. That piece pointed to studies showing that “crowdsourcing worked just as well” as professional fact checkers “when assessing the accuracy of news stories,” concluding that “it may be impossible for any social media company to keep up, which is why it’s important to explore other approaches.”
X has said that it’s “common to see Community Notes appearing days faster than traditional fact checks,” while promising that more changes are coming to get notes ranked as “helpful” more quickly.
X risks becoming an echo chamber, data shows
Data that the market intelligence firm Sensor Tower recently shared with Ars offers a potential clue as to why the CCDH is seeing so many accurate notes that are never voted as “helpful.”
According to Sensor Tower’s estimates, global daily active users on X are down by 28 percent in September 2024, compared to October 2022 when Elon Musk took over Twitter. While many users have fled the platform, those who remained are seemingly more engaged than ever—with global engagement up by 8 percent in the same time period. (Rivals like TikTok and Facebook saw much lower growth, up by 3 and 1 percent, respectively.)
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